Are you driving a Volvo with a diesel engine? Let’s talk about Diesel Exhaust Fluid – an essential component that keeps your Volvo running efficiently while helping the environment. In this easy-to-understand guide, we’ll cover all you need to know about DEF.
We’ll start by explaining what DEF is and why it’s so important for your car. Then, we’ll show you how it works to reduce harmful emissions from your car. Plus, we’ll share practical tips on how and when to refill DEF, where to buy it, and the right way to store it.
This article is perfect for every Volvo owner, whether you’re just starting or have been on the road for years. Join us to learn about keeping your Volvo in top shape and doing your part for cleaner air with DEF fluid.
Using DEF in Volvo Vehicles
Using DEF in Volvo vehicles is a critical aspect of maintaining their emission control systems, particularly the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system. Here is a detailed, technical guide on how to add the fluid, the frequency of refills, and understanding the indicators and warnings related to DEF levels in the vehicles.
Step-by-Step Guide on How to Add DEF To Your Vehicle
- Locate the DEF Tank: In these vehicles, the tank is typically found near the diesel fuel tank. It’s often identified by a blue cap and labeled with “DEF”.
- Safety Precautions: Before handling, wear protective gloves and glasses. It is corrosive and can irritate skin and eyes.
- Remove the Tank Cap: Unscrew the blue cap from the tank.
- Insert the Nozzle: If using a DEF pump (at a service station), insert the nozzle into the tank opening. For containers, use a funnel or the nozzle provided with the container to ensure a spill-free refill.
- Refill the Tank: Slowly add DEF to the tank. Avoid overfilling, as it expands when heated. The capacity of the tank in Volvo vehicles varies, but it’s typically around 15-25 liters.
- Replace the Cap: Securely tighten the blue cap back on the tank.
- Check for Spills: Wipe away any spills around the tank area, as it can corrode painted surfaces.
- Reset the Level Indicator: Some models may require a manual reset of the level indicator. Refer to the vehicle’s manual for specific instructions.
Frequency of Refills
- Average Consumption Rate: Volvo vehicles typically consume at a rate of 2-5% of diesel consumption. This rate can vary based on driving style, load, and engine conditions.
- Refill Interval: The need to refill depends on the vehicle’s usage. On average, DEF needs to be refilled every 10,000 to 12,000 miles.
- Tank Capacity Consideration: Given the average tank size and consumption rate, a full tank can last between 5,000 and 7,000 miles.
Indicators and Warnings Related to DEF Levels
- Level Indicator: Most vehicles are equipped with a DEF level gauge in the instrument cluster, displaying the remaining fluid.
- Low DEF Warning: When the level drops below a certain point (usually around 10% of the tank capacity), a warning light or message will appear on the dashboard.
- Critical Level Warning: If the level continues to decrease and reaches a critically low level (approximately 2.5% of the tank capacity), a more urgent warning is triggered. Ignoring this can lead to reduced engine performance.
- No-Start Condition: If the tank is empty, the vehicles enter a no-start condition as per emission control regulations. The vehicle must be refilled with DEF before it can be started again.
It’s important for Volvo vehicle owners to regularly check the levels and refill as necessary to ensure optimal performance and compliance with emission standards. Ignoring warnings can lead to reduced engine performance and eventually, a vehicle lockout situation where the engine will not start until fluid is replenished.
Read related article: How Long Does Def Fluid Last In Cummins? (Affecting Factors)
Brands of DEF That Are Compatible with Volvo Cars
When selecting Diesel Exhaust Fluid for Volvo cars, particularly those equipped with diesel engines and requiring DEF for emission control, it’s crucial to choose brands that meet the required quality standards. The primary standard is ISO 22241, which specifies the purity and composition of the fluid. The fluid for these cars should have a urea concentration of 32.5% in deionized water. Here are some brands of DEF that are generally compatible with brand or model of vehicles, provided they meet these standards:
- AdBlue®
- Origin: Predominantly used in Europe.
- Compliance: Meets ISO 22241 standard for Diesel Exhaust Fluid.
- Features: A high-purity urea solution, specifically formulated for diesel engines with SCR systems.
- Availability: Commonly found at service stations and automotive stores across Europe.
- BlueDEF
- Region: Popular in North America.
- Standard: Adheres to ISO 22241 specification.
- Properties: Contains 32.5% urea solution, ensuring optimal performance in SCR systems.
- Distribution: Available at automotive retailers, truck stops, and online platforms.
- Peak BlueDEF
- Variant: A sub-brand of BlueDEF.
- Quality: Maintains the same ISO 22241 standard compliance.
- Usage: Specifically suited for Volvo diesel engines.
- Formulation: Designed to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy.
- Shell Rotella® DEF
- Manufacturer: Produced by Shell, a leader in automotive fluids.
- Compliance: Meets the requirements for modern diesel engines.
- Specialty: Formulated for engines like Volvo that require precise SCR system functioning.
- Composition: Ensures reduced NOx emissions in compliance with environmental standards.
- TerraCair Ultrapure DEF
- Quality: High purity, suitable for Volvo vehicles.
- Packaging: Available in multiple sizes, from portable jugs to large bulk quantities.
- Standard: Complies with stringent purity requirements.
- Application: Ideal for both individual vehicle owners and fleet operators.
- Air1 DEF
- Certification: Meets international ISO 22241 quality standards.
- Reach: Widely available in various global markets.
- Compatibility: Suitable for all diesel engines requiring DEF, including this brand of cars.
- Supply: Distributed through a broad network of automotive stores.
- NAPA DEF
- Retailer: Available through NAPA auto parts stores.
- Engine Suitability: Compatible with a wide range of diesel engines needing DEF.
- Quality Assurance: Ensures compliance with emission standards.
- Consumer Focus: Aimed at both professional and individual vehicle maintenance.
- Kroon-Oil AdBlue
- Region: Widely used in Europe.
- Compliance: Adheres to necessary ISO 22241 standards.
- Compatibility: Formulated to meet the specific needs of Volvo diesel engines.
- Quality: Focuses on maintaining engine efficiency and emission control.
- GreenChem AdBlue®
- Type: Another variant of AdBlue® suitable for Volvo vehicles.
- Standard Compliance: ISO 22241 certified.
- Specialization: Tailored for vehicles with SCR systems to reduce NOx emissions.
- Market Presence: Recognized in both European and global markets.
- Brenntag Blue®
- Quality: High-grade DEF suitable for various diesel engines.
- Compatibility: Ensures optimal functioning of Volvo’s SCR system.
- Formulation: Aims at maintaining emissions within legal limits.
- Supply Chain: Available through Brenntag’s extensive distribution network.
When purchasing, it’s important to check that the product specifically states its compliance with ISO 22241. While the brand may not be as critical, the quality and purity are vital to ensure the proper functioning of the vehicle’s SCR system and adherence to emission standards. Also, always refer to your Volvo’s owner manual for specific recommendations related to DEF.
Read related article: Which Def Fluid Is Best For Duramax? (Factors to Consider)
How Much DEF Volvo Car Models Consume
Not all Volvo cars use DEF. However, for existing diesel models, the fluid is still relevant. Models like the V40, V40 Cross-Country, V60, V60 Cross-Country, V90 Cross-Country, XC40, XC60, and XC90 from certain years (2017 to 2020) have been using the fluid. The usage varies based on the model and year, with some models requiring as much as six cans of 5L per year for 10,000 miles of driving.
| Volvo Model | Year | DEF Consumption (per year) |
|---|---|---|
| S90, V40, V40 Cross Country, V60, V60 Cross Country, XC60, XC90 | 2017 | 2 cans of 5L each |
| S90, V40, V40 Cross Country, V60, V60 Cross Country, V90 Cross Country, XC40, XC60, XC90 | 2018 – 2020 | 6 cans of 5L each |
- Average DEF Consumption:
- Volvo car models generally consume DEF at a rate of approximately 2-5% of their diesel fuel consumption. For instance, if a Volvo diesel car consumes 100 liters of diesel fuel, it would typically use between 2 to 5 liters of DEF over the same distance.
- Model-Specific Consumption:
- Each Volvo model may have slightly different DEF consumption rates due to variations in engine size, power, and efficiency. Larger or more powerful diesel engines may consume DEF at a higher rate.
- Driving Conditions and Style:
- Frequent short trips, heavy towing, or driving in hilly terrain can increase DEF consumption. In contrast, steady highway driving often results in more efficient DEF usage.
- Vehicle Load:
- Heavily loaded vehicles or those towing trailers will generally consume more DEF due to the increased demand on the engine.
- Emission Standards:
- The specific emission standards the vehicle is designed to meet (such as Euro 6 in Europe or EPA standards in the United States) can also influence DEF consumption. Stricter standards often require more efficient use of DEF to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.
- Individual Vehicle Variability:
- There can be slight variations in DEF consumption even among the same model due to manufacturing tolerances, vehicle conditions, and maintenance practices.
- Refill Intervals:
- Depending on these factors, the intervals at which DEF needs to be refilled can vary. Generally, for most Volvo diesel cars, DEF tanks are designed to be refilled at regular service intervals, aligning with oil changes or other routine maintenance tasks.
Read related article: Where Can I Get Def Fluid? (The 6 Easy Ways)
The Company’s Approach to Emission Control
Their approach to emission control, particularly in the context of their diesel engines, is a multifaceted strategy that integrates advanced technology and a commitment to environmental sustainability. This approach is underpinned by a blend of engineering innovations, regulatory compliance, and a push towards reducing the environmental impact of their vehicles.
Their Commitment to Environmental Sustainability
Volvo has long been committed to reducing the environmental footprint of its vehicles. This commitment is evident in their ambitious goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving fuel efficiency, and transitioning towards more sustainable energy sources. Their approach goes beyond mere compliance with environmental regulations; it is a core part of the company’s philosophy and long-term strategy. This involves investing in research and development to create more efficient and cleaner engine technologies.
Specific Technologies Used by Volvo in Emission Control
Volvo employs a range of technologies in their diesel engines to minimize emissions:
- Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): This technology is central to Volvo’s emission control strategy. SCR uses Diesel Exhaust Fluid, a solution of urea and water, to convert nitrogen oxides (NOx) into nitrogen and water vapor. This reaction occurs in the exhaust system and is crucial for meeting stringent emission standards.
- Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR): EGR is used to reduce NOx emissions by recirculating a portion of the engine’s exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. This dilutes the oxygen in the incoming air stream and helps to lower the combustion temperature, which in turn reduces NOx formation.
- Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF): The DPF captures and stores particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. The collected particulate matter is periodically burnt off at high temperatures, a process known as regeneration, to prevent clogging.
- Engine Management Systems: It uses advanced engine management systems that precisely control the injection of fuel and DEF, ensuring optimal combustion and efficient use of DEF for NOx reduction.
The Role of DEF in Volvo’s Diesel Engine Technology
In Volvo’s diesel engine technology, the fluid plays a critical role in meeting emissions standards, particularly those for NOx, which are among the most challenging pollutants to reduce in diesel engines. When injected into the exhaust stream, it vaporizes and decomposes into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Then, in the SCR catalyst, the ammonia reacts with NOx to produce harmless nitrogen and water vapor.
The effectiveness of the fluid in emission control strategy is contingent on several factors:
- Precise Injection: The correct amount of the fluid must be injected to ensure efficient NOx reduction. Too little results in high NOx emissions, while too much can lead to ammonia slip (excess ammonia in the exhaust).
- Temperature Management: SCR systems work optimally at high temperatures. The engine and exhaust designs ensure that the SCR system operates within the ideal temperature range.
- Quality: The purity is crucial for the SCR system’s performance and longevity. Impurities in DEF can lead to catalyst poisoning and reduced effectiveness.
The approach to emission control is a sophisticated blend of technologies and a testament to their commitment to environmental sustainability. The use of DEF in their diesel engines, as part of the SCR system, is a key component in reducing harmful emissions and aligning with global environmental standards.
Common Questions and Troubleshooting
Addressing common questions and troubleshooting issues related to DEF in Volvo vehicles involves understanding the technical aspects of its usage and the specifics of emission control systems. Here are detailed responses and troubleshooting tips, incorporating technical terms, measurements, and figures:
Common Questions About DEF in Volvo Vehicles
- What is the fluid consumption rate in Volvo vehicles?
- Consumption typically ranges from 2-5% of the diesel fuel consumption. For instance, if a truck consumes 100 liters of diesel, it would use approximately 2 to 5 liters of the fluid during the same interval.
- Can I use any brand of DEF in my Volvo vehicle?
- Yes, as long as it meets the ISO 22241 standard for purity and concentration (32.5% urea in deionized water).
- What happens if DEF freezes in the tank?
- It freezes at -11°C (12.2°F). Volvo vehicles are designed to heat the tank to thaw the fluid, and the SCR system will function normally once thawed. Freezing and thawing of the fluid do not degrade its quality.
- How can I tell if the fluid is contaminated?
- Contamination often alters the appearance or smell of it. Pure DEF is clear and has a slight ammonia odor. If the fluid is discolored or has a strong odor, it may be contaminated.
- What is its shelf life?
- Under ideal storage conditions (between -6°C and 25°C, away from direct sunlight), it can last up to 2 years.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
- DEF Warning Light or Message Activated
- Cause: This usually indicates low levels.
- Solution: Refill the tank. If the warning persists after refill, check for sensor malfunctions or software issues.
- Reduced Engine Performance after Warning
- Cause: Continuously driving with low DEF can trigger a vehicle’s limp mode, reducing engine power to limit emissions.
- Solution: Refill the tank immediately. If performance doesn’t restore, consult a technician for potential SCR system issues.
- Crystallization around the Filling Area
- Cause: Spillage during refilling can lead to crystallization as DEF dries.
- Solution: Clean the area with water. Regularly check for leaks in the delivery system.
- The Tank Shows Full, But Warning Persists
- Cause: Potential sensor issue or software glitch.
- Solution: Check the level sensor and consult a service center for diagnosis and software updates.
- Ammonia Smell in Exhaust
- Cause: Excess injection causing ammonia slip.
- Solution: This may indicate a malfunction in the dosing system. A Volvo technician should inspect the dosing pump and control module.
- Increased Consumption
- Cause: Could be due to improper injection rates or SCR catalyst inefficiency.
- Solution: Have the injection system and SCR catalyst checked for faults.
For any related issue in Volvo vehicles, it’s important to address it promptly to ensure compliance with emission standards and maintain vehicle performance. Regular maintenance checks and adherence to guidelines for usage are crucial in preventing and troubleshooting these issues.
Purchasing and Storing DEF
Purchasing and storing Diesel Exhaust Fluid correctly is crucial for maintaining the efficiency of the vehicles’ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Here’s a detailed guide with technical specifics:
Purchasing the Fluid Suitable for Volvo Vehicles
- Quality Standards: Ensure it meets the ISO 22241 standard, which specifies the requirements for urea quality. For these vehicles, fluid with a urea concentration of 32.5% by weight is recommended. This concentration provides the lowest freezing point of -11°C (12.2°F) and optimal NOx reduction efficiency.
- Certified Suppliers: Purchase the fluid from reputable suppliers or dealerships. It is available at most truck stops, auto parts stores, and service stations. For these vehicles, it’s advisable to use suppliers who guarantee the ISO 22241 standard compliance.
- Packaging Options: It is available in various sizes, from small containers (2.5 gallons) to large drums or totes (up to 330 gallons). For individual vehicle owners, smaller containers are more practical, whereas fleet operators might opt for larger quantities.
Guidelines for Storing DEF
- Temperature Range: Store it in a temperature-controlled environment. While it freezes at -11°C, it should ideally be stored at temperatures between -6°C (21°F) and 25°C (77°F). Thawed DEF retains its original quality and can be used without issue.
- Avoid Direct Sunlight and Heat: Store it away from direct sunlight and sources of heat, as prolonged exposure to UV light and high temperatures can degrade its quality.
- Shelf Life: Under optimal storage conditions, it has a shelf life of up to 2 years. However, this can be significantly reduced when stored in unfavorable conditions.
- Container Material: Use containers made of materials compatible with DEF, such as stainless steel or high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Materials like copper, brass, zinc, and aluminum should be avoided as they can cause contamination.
- Sealed Containers: Keep it in well-sealed containers to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Considerations for Bulk Purchasing of DEF for Fleet Operators
- Bulk Storage Systems: For fleet operators, investing in bulk storage systems like large tanks or mobile dispensers can be cost-effective. These systems should comply with local environmental and safety regulations.
- Turnover Rate: Ensure the turnover rate of DEF in bulk storage aligns with its shelf life. This helps in maintaining the quality of DEF.
- Dispensing Equipment: Use dispensing equipment that prevents contamination and spillage. Pumps, hoses, and nozzles should be dedicated solely for DEF use.
- Economies of Scale: Bulk purchasing can reduce the per-liter cost. However, balance the cost benefits with storage limitations and usage rates.
- Inventory Management: Implement an inventory management system to track levels and usage, ensuring timely refills and reducing the risk of running out.
- Supplier Relationships: Establishing good relationships with suppliers can ensure consistent quality and potentially better pricing or delivery terms.
When purchasing and storing, it is essential to adhere to quality standards, storage guidelines, and consider the operational needs, especially for fleet operators. Proper handling is key to maintaining the efficiency of Volvo’s emission control systems and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
Best Practices for Refilling DEF in Your Volvo Car
Refilling is a straightforward process, but it’s essential to follow best practices to ensure proper handling and avoid any issues with your vehicle’s emission control system. Here are the best practices for refilling DEF in your Volvo car:
- Check the Levels Regularly: Monitor the level through the vehicle’s dashboard indicator. It’s best to refill when the level is low but not completely depleted.
- Use the Right DEF: Ensure it meets the ISO 22241 standard, which guarantees the right concentration and purity. Using non-standard can harm your vehicle’s SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system.
- Safety First: Wear gloves and safety glasses when handling it, as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes. it is non-toxic but should be handled carefully.
- Locate the Tank: The tank in a car is usually marked with a blue cap and is often located near the fuel tank.
- Ensure Cleanliness: Before opening the tank, clean around the cap to prevent dirt or debris from entering the tank.
- Avoid Overfilling: Fill the tank up to the recommended level but do not overfill. It expands when it warms up, so leaving some room in the tank is essential.
- Use Proper Equipment: If you’re not using a pump, use a funnel or the nozzle that comes with the container to prevent spillage.
- Clean Up Spills Immediately: If any DEF spills, clean it up promptly with water. It can crystallize and may be difficult to remove once it hardens.
- Dispose of Containers Properly: Dispose of empty containers according to local regulations as they contain residues of the fluid.
- Close the Cap Securely: After refilling, make sure to close the DEF tank cap tightly to prevent contamination.
- Reset the Level Indicator: Some models may require a reset of the level indicator after a refill. Consult your vehicle’s manual for specific instructions.
- Do Not Start the Engine with an Empty Tank: If your car runs out of fluid, do not start the engine. Refill the DEF first, as running the vehicle without this fluid can cause damage to the emission control system.
Following these best practices ensures that your Volvo’s emission system works efficiently and helps in maintaining compliance with environmental standards. Regular maintenance and attention to the DEF system are key components of keeping your car in optimal condition.
Conclusion
Understanding and managing Diesel Exhaust Fluid is a crucial aspect of owning and maintaining a Volvo diesel vehicle. From recognizing the importance of using the fluid to comply with environmental standards, to knowing the correct ways to handle, store, and refill it, this guide has covered all the essentials.
Remember, using the right type of DEF, adhering to the best practices for refilling, and regular monitoring can significantly impact your car’s performance and longevity. By following these guidelines, you not only ensure that your vehicle runs smoothly but also contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable environment.
So, next time you check your vehicle’s DEF levels or head out to purchase DEF, remember the insights from this article to make informed decisions. Keep your Volvo at its best and join the effort in reducing emissions, one refill at a time.