What is the Best Additive for Storing Diesel Fuel? (What to Look For)

The best additive for storing diesel fuel is one that addresses common issues like microbial growth, water contamination, and degradation of fuel quality over time. Key attributes to look for include:

Biocide Properties: To prevent microbial growth (bacteria and fungi) which can clog filters. Look for additives containing biocides like Isothiazolinones.
Water Dispersants: These help in managing water contamination in the fuel. Additives with demulsifiers or water dispersants separate water from diesel, reducing the risk of microbial growth and fuel system corrosion.
Antioxidants and Stability Improvers: To slow down the oxidation process and maintain fuel quality over time. This is particularly important for long-term storage.
Corrosion Inhibitors: To protect fuel system components from corrosion, which can be caused by water and acidic compounds in the fuel.
Detergents and Deposit Control Additives: These keep the fuel system clean by preventing and removing deposits on fuel injectors.
Cold Flow Improvers: If the diesel is stored in cold climates, additives that lower the pour point and prevent wax crystal formation are essential.
Concentration and Dosage Efficiency: The effectiveness of an additive is also dependent on its concentration and recommended dosage. For instance, a typical dosage might be around 1 part additive to 1000 parts diesel fuel (0.1% by volume), but this can vary.
Compatibility with Fuel Type: Ensure the additive is compatible with the specific type of diesel fuel you’re using, such as ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD).

The specific best choice can depend on the storage conditions, duration, and type of diesel fuel. Brands like Power Service, Stanadyne, and Biobor are often recommended for their quality and effectiveness in these areas. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for dosage and application.

Understanding Diesel Fuel Additives: Definition and Types

Definition of Diesel Fuel Additives: These are chemical compounds specifically formulated to enhance the properties and performance of diesel fuel. Their primary purpose is to improve fuel efficiency, engine performance, and longevity, while also addressing storage and operational issues. Additives can be mixed with diesel at concentrations typically ranging from 0.1% to 1% by volume, depending on the specific type and purpose of the additive.
Types of Diesel Fuel Additives and Their Functions:
- Cetane Boosters:
  - Purpose: Increase the cetane number of diesel fuel, leading to improved engine startup, smoother running, and reduced engine noise.
  - Measurement: Can raise cetane numbers by 2 to 6 points.
  - Common Chemicals: 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate, Di-tert-butyl peroxide.
- Fuel Stabilizers:
  - Purpose: Prevent fuel degradation during storage, extending the life of the fuel.
  - Measurement: Effective for 6 to 24 months of storage.
  - Common Chemicals: Antioxidants like BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene).
- Biocides:
  - Purpose: Eliminate or prevent microbial growth (bacteria and fungi) in fuel, which can cause clogging and corrosion.
  - Measurement: Dosage is typically in the range of 100 to 1000 ppm (parts per million).
  - Common Chemicals: Isothiazolinones, Bronopol.
- Corrosion Inhibitors:
  - Purpose: Protect fuel system components from corrosion.
  - Measurement: Effective at very low concentrations, often less than 500 ppm.
  - Common Chemicals: Amines, Phosphoric acid esters.
- Detergents and Dispersants:
  - Purpose: Clean and prevent deposits in the fuel system, maintaining injector cleanliness.
  - Measurement: Typically used at concentrations of about 50 to 300 ppm.
  - Common Chemicals: Polyisobutylene, Polyisobutylene amine.
- Demulsifiers and Water Dispersants:
  - Purpose: Separate water from fuel to prevent microbial growth and corrosion.
  - Measurement: Effective at concentrations of about 100 to 300 ppm.
  - Common Chemicals: Alcohol ethoxylates, Block polymers.
- Cold Flow Improvers:
  - Purpose: Prevent wax crystal formation in cold temperatures, improving flow properties.
  - Measurement: Effective in reducing the pour point by 5 to 20°C.
  - Common Chemicals: Polyalkyl methacrylates, Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
- Lubricity Improvers:
  - Purpose: Enhance lubrication properties of low-sulfur diesel fuels to reduce engine wear.
  - Measurement: Effective at concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm.
  - Common Chemicals: Fatty acid esters, Acidic phosphorus compounds.
Combination Additives:
- Many commercial additives are combinations of the above types, offering multiple benefits in a single product. The specific composition and concentration of these combination additives are tailored to meet various operational and storage needs.

These are essential for optimizing fuel performance, enhancing engine efficiency, and ensuring the longevity of both the fuel and the engine components. The choice depends on the specific requirements of the engine, the operating environment, and the storage conditions.

Key Factors in Choosing Diesel Fuel Additives

When selecting diesel fuel additives, several key factors and their technical specifics should be considered to ensure optimal performance and longevity of both the fuel and the fuel system:

Biocide Properties:
- Importance: Prevents microbial growth (bacteria and fungi) in fuel, which can lead to fuel system clogging and corrosion.
- Effective Ingredients: Biocides like Isothiazolinones or Bronopol.
- Measurement: Typically used at concentrations of 100 to 1000 parts per million (ppm).
Water Dispersants:
- Role: Help manage water contamination by separating water from the fuel, reducing microbial growth and rust.
- Function: Work by altering the surface tension between water and fuel, causing water droplets to coalesce and settle at the bottom, which can then be drained away.
- Measurement: Commonly effective at concentrations around 100 to 300 ppm.
Antioxidants and Stability Improvers:
- Necessity: Essential for long-term storage to slow down the oxidation process, which degrades fuel quality.
- Impact: Antioxidants, like Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), neutralize free radicals that cause oxidation.
- Measurement: Effective in extending the shelf life of diesel for 6 to 24 months, used at low concentrations.
Corrosion Inhibitors:
- Importance: Protect fuel system components from corrosion caused by water and acidic compounds in the fuel.
- Types: Common inhibitors include amines and phosphoric acid esters.
- Measurement: Typically effective at concentrations below 500 ppm.
Detergents and Deposit Control Additives:
- Role: Clean and prevent deposits in fuel injectors and other components, maintaining engine and fuel system cleanliness.
- Benefits: Enhanced engine performance, reduced emissions, and improved fuel efficiency.
- Measurement: Commonly used at concentrations of 50 to 300 ppm.
Cold Flow Improvers:
- Relevance: Critical in cold climates to prevent the formation of wax crystals which can clog filters and lines.
- Mechanism: Modify the size and shape of wax crystals, making them less likely to agglomerate and block fuel flow.
- Measurement: Can lower the pour point of diesel fuel by 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, depending on the concentration and type of cold flow improver used.

These factors are critical in choosing the right diesel fuel additive. Each component plays a unique role in maintaining fuel quality, ensuring engine performance, and prolonging the life of both the fuel and the fuel system. The specific requirements will vary based on the storage conditions, the engine type, and the expected duration of fuel storage.

Common Brands

Power Service Diesel Fuel Supplement +Cetane Boost:
- Ideal for preventing fuel gelling in cold weather and improving cetane numbers for better engine performance.
Biobor JF:
- A highly effective biocide, renowned for preventing and treating microbial contamination in diesel fuel tanks.
Stanadyne Performance Formula:
- A comprehensive additive that enhances overall fuel quality, including cetane improvement, lubricity enhancement, and corrosion protection.
Opti-Lube XPD:
- Known for its ability to improve lubricity, enhance cetane numbers, and provide corrosion protection, making it suitable for long-term fuel storage.
Lucas Oil Fuel Treatment:
- A multifunctional type that works well for both diesel and gasoline, improving fuel combustion and protecting against corrosion.
Howes Diesel Treat:
- Especially popular for preventing fuel gelling in cold weather and removing water from the fuel system.
Sea Foam SF-16 Motor Treatment:
- A versatile treatment that can stabilize diesel fuel for storage, clean fuel injectors, and reduce moisture.
Hot Shot’s Secret Diesel Extreme:
- Designed to clean out fuel systems, stabilize fuel, boost cetane, and lubricate the fuel system for long-term storage.
Archoil AR6200 Fuel Treatment:
- Enhances fuel efficiency, protects against corrosion, and improves fuel stability for storage.
Killem Biocide by FPPF Chemical Co.:
- Effective for controlling bacteria and fungus growth in diesel fuel tanks, particularly useful for long-term storage.

These are selected based on their specific properties that benefit diesel storage, such as stability enhancement, microbial growth control, and corrosion inhibition. It’s important to choose an additive that aligns with your specific storage needs and to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the best results.

Recommended Additives for Diesel Fuel Storage

When recommending, it’s crucial to consider various factors such as effectiveness, price, and user feedback. Here is an overview of popular brands and a comparison based on these criteria:

Power Service Diesel Kleen +Cetane Boost:
- Effectiveness: Contains cetane boosters for improved engine performance, detergents for injector cleanliness, and water dispersants.
- Concentration: Typically used at 1 ounce per 5 gallons of diesel (approximately 1:640 ratio).
- Price: Generally considered cost-effective for the benefits provided.
- User Reviews: Widely praised for improving fuel economy and engine smoothness.
Stanadyne Performance Formula:
- Effectiveness: Offers a comprehensive blend of detergents, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity enhancers, and cetane improvers.
- Concentration: Recommended dosage is around 1 ounce per 6 gallons of diesel (approximately 1:768 ratio).
- Price: Slightly higher priced, but offers extensive engine protection benefits.
- User Reviews: Known for enhancing engine performance and longevity, especially in colder climates.
Biobor JF:
- Effectiveness: Primarily a biocide, highly effective in preventing microbial growth in fuel tanks.
- Concentration: Typical usage is 270 parts per million, which equates to approximately 1 ounce per 40 gallons of diesel.
- Price: More expensive per ounce but highly effective in its specific role as a biocide.
- User Reviews: Highly regarded for its effectiveness in preventing and treating microbial contamination in fuel tanks.
Lucas Fuel Treatment:
- Effectiveness: Contains a blend of oils and additives designed to increase fuel lubricity, reduce emissions, and improve fuel economy.
- Concentration: Use ratio is about 2-3 ounces per 10 gallons of diesel.
- Price: Known for being economical and offering good value for money.
- User Reviews: Users report smoother engine running and reduced smoke output.
Opti-Lube XPD:
- Effectiveness: Enhances lubricity, improves cetane rating, and includes detergents for cleaning the fuel system.
- Concentration: Used at approximately 1 ounce per 2 gallons of diesel (1:256 ratio).
- Price: On the higher side, but offers multifunctional benefits.
- User Reviews: Favored for improving fuel lubricity and overall engine performance.
Howes Diesel Treat:
- Effectiveness: Provides anti-gel protection, removes water, and increases lubricity.
- Concentration: Typically used at a ratio of 1 ounce per 2.5 gallons of diesel.
- Price: Considered cost-effective, especially for cold weather protection.
- User Reviews: Highly rated for preventing fuel gelling in cold temperatures.

Each of these additives offers specific benefits, and the best choice depends on the individual requirements such as the type of engine, the storage conditions, and the main issues to be addressed (e.g., microbial growth, cold flow properties, fuel system cleanliness). It’s important to follow the manufacturer’s recommended dosages to achieve the desired effects.

The Do’s and Don’ts of Long-Term Diesel Storage

Aspect	Do’s	Measurements and Technical Details	Don’ts	Reasons/Consequences
Additive Usage	Use quality fuel additives appropriate for your storage needs.	– Biocides: 100-1000 ppm – Antioxidants: as recommended by manufacturer – Corrosion inhibitors: around 500 ppm – Anti-gel additives: 1 oz per 5-10 gallons of diesel	Do not use additives past their expiration date.	Expired additives may not be effective and could harm the fuel quality.
Storage Conditions	Store diesel in a cool, dry, and dark environment.	Ideal temperature: -12°C to 26°C Humidity: Low to moderate	Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures and direct sunlight.	Extremes in temperature and sunlight can accelerate fuel degradation.
Container Selection	Use appropriate containers made of HDPE or other diesel-compatible materials.	Ensure containers are certified for diesel storage.	Do not use unsealed or damaged containers.	Leaks or contamination can occur, leading to fuel degradation.
Contaminant Monitoring	Regularly check for water, sediment, and microbial growth.	Use water-finding paste and fuel test kits for accurate monitoring.	Neglect regular checks for contaminants in the fuel.	Ignoring contaminants can lead to fuel degradation and engine damage.
Fuel Rotation	Rotate stored fuel by using older fuel first.	Ideally, use stored diesel within 6-12 months and replenish with fresh fuel.	Do not let fuel sit unused for extended periods without inspection.	Long-term storage without use can lead to fuel degradation and ineffectiveness of additives.
Safety Precautions	Adhere to safety guidelines for handling and storing diesel and additives.	Use protective gear and ensure good ventilation during handling.	Disregard safety protocols and environmental regulations.	Improper handling can lead to health hazards and environmental harm.
Environmental Care	Opt for eco-friendly additives and practices.	Choose additives with minimal environmental impact, and follow proper disposal methods.	Use additives with heavy metals or other environmentally harmful chemicals.	Using harmful chemicals can lead to environmental contamination and disruption of ecosystems.

Best Practices

When using diesel fuel additives, adhering to best practices is crucial for maximizing their effectiveness and ensuring the longevity and quality of your fuel. Here are technical guidelines on proper usage, storage, and tips for monitoring fuel quality:

Proper Usage:
- Dosage Accuracy: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended dosage carefully. For example, if the recommended dosage is 1 ounce per 10 gallons of diesel, ensure precise measurement to avoid underdosing or overdosing.
- Mixing: Add the additive before filling the tank with diesel to ensure thorough mixing. The agitation from filling the tank helps disperse the additive evenly.
- Type Selection: Choose the type based on specific needs (e.g., biocide, cetane booster, stabilizer) and ensure compatibility with your diesel type.
Storage of Diesel Fuel:
- Temperature Control: Store diesel and additives in a cool, dry place. Extreme temperatures can degrade both fuel and additives. Ideal storage temperature for diesel is typically between -12°C and 26°C.
- Container Material: Use appropriate containers made of materials like HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) that are resistant to degradation and do not react with diesel or additives.
- Seal Containers: Ensure that both containers are sealed tightly to prevent contamination and evaporation.
- Shelf Life Adherence: Observe the shelf life of additives; most have a shelf life of 2-5 years when stored properly.
Monitoring Fuel Quality Over Time:
- Regular Testing: Conduct periodic fuel quality tests such as water content, microbial contamination, and cetane number. Use commercial test kits for accuracy.
- Visual Inspection: Look for signs of contamination or degradation, such as darkening of the fuel or sediment formation.
- Record Keeping: Keep a log of fuel purchases, usage, and any test results. This will help in tracking fuel quality over time and identifying any trends or issues.
- Fuel Rotation: If possible, rotate the stored fuel by using the older fuel first and replenishing with fresh fuel. This practice is particularly important for long-term storage.
Safety Precautions:
- Handling Safety: Wear appropriate protective gear like gloves and eyewear when handling diesel and additives.
- Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation when adding additives to fuel to avoid inhaling fumes.
- Fire Safety: Be aware of the flammable nature of these enahancer and store them away from potential ignition sources.

By following these technical guidelines and best practices, you can effectively use diesel fuel additives to enhance fuel performance, prolong shelf life, and maintain engine efficiency. Regular monitoring and proper storage are key to preserving fuel quality over time.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Addressing common issues in diesel fuel storage requires technical understanding and precise measurements. Here’s a detailed approach:

Fuel Gelling:
- Problem: In cold temperatures, paraffin in diesel begins to solidify, leading to fuel gelling.
- Solution: Use anti-gel which lower the pour point of diesel. Typical effective concentration is 1 ounce per 5-10 gallons of diesel, capable of reducing the pour point by 5-20°C.
- Preventive Measure: Regularly check the forecast and add anti-gel before the onset of freezing temperatures.
Microbial Growth:
- Problem: Water contamination in diesel can lead to microbial growth, causing fuel system blockages and corrosion.
- Solution: Use biocide. Effective biocides like Isothiazolinones are used at a concentration of about 100-1000 ppm. Treat the fuel, then drain and clean the tank after 24-36 hours to remove dead microbes.
- Preventive Measure: Regularly inspect for water in the tank and use water dispersant additives to minimize moisture.
Corrosion:
- Problem: Corrosion can occur in fuel tanks and systems due to water, acids, or microbial growth.
- Solution: Utilize corrosion inhibitors. Effective inhibitors are used at concentrations around 500 ppm.
- Preventive Measure: Regularly inspect the fuel system for signs of corrosion and keep the tank full to reduce condensation.
When to Add More Additive or Replace Stored Fuel:
- Add More Additive: If fuel is stored beyond its typical shelf life (6-12 months), or if there are signs of fuel degradation or changes in storage conditions (like a drop in temperature).
- Replace Stored Fuel: If the fuel shows significant degradation, contamination, or is older than 18-24 months, even with additives.

Environmental Considerations:

Eco-friendly Practices in Using:
- Choose additives with lower environmental impact, avoiding those with heavy metals or other harmful chemicals.
- Follow the manufacturer’s recommended dosages to avoid overuse, which can lead to unnecessary chemical release into the environment.
Understanding the Environmental Impact:
- Biocides: Some can be toxic to aquatic life; careful handling and disposal are essential.
- Corrosion Inhibitors and Anti-gel treatment: Can contain chemicals that might be harmful if released into waterways; proper containment is important.
- General Impact: Regular use of it can result in the accumulation of chemicals in the environment; hence, balanced and responsible use is advised.

Tackling common diesel storage issues like gelling, microbial growth, and corrosion requires the careful use of specific additives at precise concentrations. Regular monitoring and maintenance, along with environmentally responsible practices, are key to effective and sustainable long-term diesel storage.

FAQs

Best Additive for Diesel Storage: The best additive for diesel storage is a comprehensive fuel stabilizer that includes biocides, water dispersants, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, and cold flow improvers. Brands like Power Service, Stanadyne, and Biobor are often recommended for their effectiveness in these areas.
Making Diesel Last Longer in Storage:
- Use a quality fuel stabilizer.
- Store diesel in a cool, dry place to minimize oxidation and water contamination.
- Keep the storage tank clean and free from debris.
- Regularly check for and remove water from the tank.
Treating Diesel for Storage:
- Add a stabilizer to the diesel to prevent degradation.
- Use biocides to prevent microbial growth.
- Ensure the storage tank is sealed properly to reduce contamination and evaporation.
Extending the Storage Life of Diesel:
- Use additives as mentioned above.
- Regularly test fuel quality.
- Rotate the stored diesel, using the older fuel first and replacing it with fresh fuel.
Maximum Shelf Life of Diesel Fuel:
- The shelf life of diesel fuel can vary depending on storage conditions but typically ranges from 6 to 12 months. With proper additives and ideal storage conditions, this can be extended up to 18-24 months.
Days Diesel Can Be Stored:
- Without additives, diesel can be safely stored for 6 to 12 months. With proper additives and conditions, storage can extend to about 1.5 to 2 years. It’s important to regularly test the fuel quality and use it before it degrades significantly.

Conclusion

The selection of the best additive for storing diesel fuel depends on specific storage conditions, fuel type, and desired outcomes, such as improved engine performance, fuel stability, and longevity. High-quality additives, like those from Power Service, Stanadyne, and Biobor, offer various benefits including biocide properties, water dispersion, oxidation prevention, and corrosion inhibition.

When choosing, it’s crucial to consider factors like biocide effectiveness, water dispersant capabilities, antioxidant properties, and the overall impact on fuel quality and engine health. Proper usage, dosage, and storage practices of these additives play a pivotal role in extending the shelf life of diesel fuel and maintaining its efficiency. By adhering to these guidelines and regularly monitoring fuel quality, diesel users can significantly enhance the performance and longevity of their fuel, ensuring reliable and efficient operation over time.